Anatomy Case paper Essay

You atomic number 18 a first-year RN student and you volunteered to work for San Antonio Hospital in the ER Department. Patient arse vitality was brought by the ambulance after he collapsed at work. The triage nurse is assessing him for further evaluation by the ER Physician on duty. Based on your contract of Anatomy and using your critical thinking skills, you were given the following criteria about Mr. Doe 1. Personal History 65 years old, married with two children. 2. medical exam History Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Renal Stones, Anemia, Acne, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Muscular Dystrophy, Hemiplegia, Coronary Artery Disease, G.E.R.D. and ED. The Triage Nurse asked the patient to wait for his turn, until Dr. Johnson examines him.A. DefinitionsDiabetes Mellitus a disorder in which the pancreas no longer produces ample insulin, or cells in the body stop responding to the insulin being produced. This causes high levels of glucose in the rent and cannot be absorbed into the ce lls in the body. Hypertension is abnormally high seam pressure, blood pressure is a type of measurement to be satisfactory to tell what the force is against the groynes of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body.Renal Stones a Kidney stone is a solid mass which is made up from crystals that separates from the urine and builds up on the inner surfaces of the kidney. Anemia is a mark off where the body has a deficiency of healthy hemoglobin (red blood cells) to carry adequate oxygen to the tissues in the body. Acne is an inflammatory skin disease that occurs when the hair follicles go bads inflamed or give due to clogging of sebaceous secretors. Prostatic Hyperplasia benign enlargement of the prostate gland. Muscular Dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that involve go through failing and muscle loss gradually decline over a period of time. Hemiplegia is paralysis of one side of the body.Coronary Artery Disease condition due to a blockage or narrowing of small blood vessels that supply the blood and oxygen to the heart. Gastroesophagel Reflux Disease (G.E.R.D.) condition due to when the muscle at the end of the esophagus doesnt close causing the belly contents (food or gastric acid) that leaks backwards from the stomach into the esophagus. Erectile Dysfunction (E.D.) a sexual dysfunction which is the in big businessman to achieve, or maintain an erection of the penis long enough to engage in satisfactory sexual intercourse.Blood calcium level Normal values range from 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL. note gm/dL = grams per deciliterHemoglobinMale 13.8 to 17.2 gm/dLFemale 12.1 to 15.1gm/dLC. Based on your knowledge of the normal values and Mr. Does condition, explain the homeostatic disturbance of each problem that Mr. Doe suffers from. Diabetes Mellitus Hemostasis in correlation with diabetes is the hemostatic system which is responsible for checking, maintain, and balancing the proper rise and fall of glucose levels in the blood. In Mr. Does bod y since he had diabetes, his pancreas produces overly not enough or no insulin. People with type II diabetes is normally developed later in life and becomes resistant to the effects of insulin overall, just now can be reversed and controlled. Hypertension Homeostatic disturbances that could be responsible for Mr. Does HTN could be a result from some of the medication he is taking.Another factor is his weight, diet, and lack of physical exercise. In a normal system the force of blood against the artery walls doesnt have a ostracise effect. Therefore, would not cause physical him to have any serious health conditions. However, when a person corresponding Mr. Doe suffers from HTN, the force of the blood against the artery wall thus resulting in heart disease. Renal Stones In a normal system the calcium levels in the blood be at a impregnable level, and helps with contracting muscles, releasing hormones making sure that nerves and the brain are functioning properly. In like Mr. Doe who has too high calcium levels in his blood can cause renal stones can begin to develop.Renal stones block the ability of homeostasis to occur. When these calcium deposits get lodged and block urine from being able to exit in order empty out the bladder, thus the body isnt able to function properly. Anemia Healthy hemoglobin (red blood cells) are extremely important in a persons system, because they are rich carriers of oxygen to the tissues in the body. When a person like Mr. Doe loses this ability many negative symptoms can occur in the body. The cause of Mr. Does anemia whitethorn be a result from any Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) he may be on for any number of the other complications he is suffering from.He may withal have a vitamin deficiency which would be a factor in low iron levels. Without proper homeostasis it would be palmy to understand why a patient like Mr. Doe is experiencing this condition. Acne In a normal system the hair follicles on differen t surfaces of the body function properly and do not become clogged. When a person has hair follicles becomes plugged with oil from the sebaceous glands mixed with dead skin cells will result in acne. Homeostasis correlates to the removal of toxins from the body, and causes a disturbance which results firing off and infections in the skin. Prostatic Hyperplasia As men age they are more prone to experience enlargement of their prostate glands.Mr. Doe is experiencing this condition which is more parking area for men his age, due to the homeostatic disturbance in his hormones and cellular growth. Muscular Dystrophy Muscle fibers in a normally functioning system are extremely touch and resistant to damage and injury. In a person who is suffering from muscular dystrophy these fibers become weaker gradually over time and become more susceptible to damage. This is caused to defective genes that are involved in making proteins that protect the muscle fibers. Disturbance in homeostasis coul d factor that is responsible for some of these genetical mutations.Hemiplegia Most people have normal functions with movement on both sides of their body. When someone like Mr. Doe suffers from one side of their body having the same paralysis and limitations of movement. This is most often the leading culprit that is heard about hemiplegia. The homeostatic disturbance in Mr. Does system related to HTN which could also be what is causing his movement disorder. Having a stroke could also be responsible for this condition and may have gone un-detected and untreated because Mr. Doe may not have realized he was having a stroke.Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) The coronary arteries (which are the major blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen, blood and nutrients) can become damaged if a high amount of cholesterol is continuously deposited over time. Homeostatic disturbances such as HTN and diabetes are indicators of why Mr. Doe is experiencing this disease. This is turn can cause h im to suffer from a heart attack. G.E.R.D. In a normal functioning system after a person eat a meal the food goes to the stomach to begin the digestion process.The homeostatic disturbance that causes a patient like Mr. Doe to experience a reflux of stomach acid relaxation of muscles in the lower esophageal sphincter and its failure to close and prevent the back flow of food or liquid from travel upwards. E.D. As most men age and are in Mr. Does age begin to start experiencing issues, or complications with their prostate and the ability to consummate sexually. A patient that is younger is able to maintain an erection for a longer period of time and perform a satisfactory sexual intercourse. Not have to worry or be concerned with experiencing this complication. Due to the fact Mr. Doe has an enlarged prostate gland and diabetes could be a leading indicator resulting in some of the homeostatic disturbances that is resulting in him having erectile dysfunction.D. Upon histological exa mination of mammal pancreas under the microscope, describe the different features of this Specimen. Figure 1 Anatomy of the pancreasUpon histological examination of a normal human pancreas the Aplha cells which produce glucagon, and Beta cells which produce insulin can easily be identified under the microscope. The bulk of the pancreas is an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic fluid into the duodenum after a meal. However, scattered through the pancreas are several hundred thousand clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans. Upon histological exam of a human pancreas with diabetes it is easy to identify the difference in the cells from a healthy pancreas. The reason is due to the fact the Beta cells are either attacked, or rejected the insulin which is causing the insulin business to be affected. The alpha cells are responsible for elevating the glucose levels in the blood which are also being affected due to the diabetes. The following describes the process of insulin in the pa ncreas The islets are endocrine tissue containing four types of cells. In order of abundance, they are the beta cells, which secrete insulin and amylin