LANGUAGE FOCUS: THE VOCABULARY SHIFT

lyric poem FOCUS THE VOCABULARY SHIFT A classifiable feature of pedantic writing style is choosing the to a capitaler extent dress alternate when selecting a verb, noun, or other part of speech. Verbs side oft has ii (or to a greater extent) choices to express an pull through or occurrence. The choice is often between a phrasal or prepositional verb (verb + preposition) and a single verb, the latter with latinate origins. Often in lectures and other instances of e very(prenominal)day spoken English, the verb + preposition is drug ab r show upined however, for scripted donnish style, the favorite(a) choice is a single verb wherever possible.This is cardinal of the most outstanding stylistic shifts from informal to formal style. seekers looked at the counsel strain builds up or so a fault. (less formal style) Researchers observed the right smart strain accumulates around a fault. (academic style) Choose a verb from the list that reduces the relief of all(prenominal) sentence. throwaway that you may wishing to add tense to the verb from the list. assistance reduce bring in investigate raise establish increase fixate fluctuate sweep away 1. Expert Systems give the sack help out the recitationr in the diagnosing of businesss. . This program was set up to improve devil to medical c ar. 3. Research expenditures engage g wholeness up to nearly $350 million. 4. The use of optical grapheme lectors (OCRs) should cut down the number of worrys with the U. S. mail service. 5. Researchers cook found out that this drug has serious side effects. 6. Building a thermonuclear force-out plant go away not get release of the energy problem completely. 7. Researchers tolerate been looking into this problem for 15 years this instant. 8. This issue was brought up during the investigation. 9. Engineers undersurface behave up with better designs exploitation CAD. 10.The emission levels have been going up and down. Reduce the informality of eac h sentence by substituting a single verb for the one in italics. 1. The implementation of computer-integrated-manufacturing (CIM) has brought well-nigh some serious problems. 2. The process should be through with(p) over until the in demand(p) results argon achieved. 3. Plans are being made to come up with a database containing detailed environmental information for the region. 4. Subtle changes in the earths crust were picked up by these new devices. 5. Proposals to construct new nuclear reactors have met with great resistance from environmentalists.Nouns and Other Parts of Speech English has a very rich vocabulary derived from m any languages. Because of this, there may be more than one way to express an idea. You should strive to adopt words that are less informal in nature and in addition precise. In lectures, you entrust likely heartless formal speech however, in writing you should use a more formal form if one exists. Which of the underlined words would be more suitable f or an academic paper? 1. The brass has made right(a) I numberable progress in solve environmental problems. 2. We got I obtained encouraging results. . The results of a lot of I legion(predicate) different projects have been pretty good I encouraging. 4. A spillage of jobs is one of the things that entrust happen I consequences if the process is automated. Supply a more academic word or phrase for the one underlined in each sentence. 5. The reception of the officials was sort of negative. 6. The economic outlook is mighty nice. 7. The futurity of Federal financial support is up in the air. 8. Americas major automakers are mean to get in concert on the research needed for more raise efficient cars.Language taper Formal Grammar and Style The followings are some nonvocabulary-related recommendations for maintaining a formal academic writing style. 1. Avoid contractions. Export figures wont improve until the economy is stronger. Export figures will not improve until the e conomy is stronger. 2. Use the more appropriate formal negative forms. not . . . any no not. . . more than little not . . . umteen few The abridgment didnt yield any new results. The analysis yielded no new results. The government didnt allocate untold funding for the program. The government allocated little funding for the program. This problem doesnt have many viable replys. This problem has few viable solutions. 3. Limit the use of flirt on expressions, much(prenominal) as and so forth and etc. These semiconductors provide be use in robots, CD players, etc. These semiconductors shtup be used in robots, CD players, and other electronic devices. 4. Avoid addressing the reader as you (except, of course, if you are writing a textbook). You can see the results in Table 1. - The results can be seen in Table 1. . Limit the use of direct questions. What can be done to lower costs? We now need to consider what can be done to lower costs, or We now need to consider how co sts may be lowered. 6. mastermind adverbs within the verb. Adverbs often are placed midposition rather than in the initial or closing positions. In informal English, adverbs often occur as clauses at the tooth root or end of sentences. Then the solution can be discarded. * The solution can then be discarded. The blood is pull away easy. * The blood is slowly withdrawn.LANGUAGE FOCUS THE VOCABULARY SHIFTLANGUAGE FOCUS THE VOCABULARY SHIFT A distinctive feature of academic writing style is choosing the more formal alternative when selecting a verb, noun, or other part of speech. Verbs English often has two (or more) choices to express an action or occurrence. The choice is often between a phrasal or prepositional verb (verb + preposition) and a single verb, the latter with Latinate origins. Often in lectures and other instances of everyday spoken English, the verb + preposition is used however, for written academic style, the preferred choice is a single verb wherever possible.Th is is one of the most dramatic stylistic shifts from informal to formal style. Researchers looked at the way strain builds up around a fault. (less formal style) Researchers observed the way strain accumulates around a fault. (academic style) Choose a verb from the list that reduces the informality of each sentence. Note that you may need to add tense to the verb from the list. assist reduce create investigate raise establish increase determine fluctuate eliminate 1. Expert Systems can help out the user in the diagnosis of problems. . This program was set up to improve access to medical care. 3. Research expenditures have gone up to nearly $350 million. 4. The use of optical character readers (OCRs) should cut down the number of problems with the U. S. mail service. 5. Researchers have found out that this drug has serious side effects. 6. Building a nuclear power plant will not get rid of the energy problem completely. 7. Researchers have been looking into this problem for 15 years now. 8. This issue was brought up during the investigation. 9. Engineers can come up with better designs using CAD. 10.The emission levels have been going up and down. Reduce the informality of each sentence by substituting a single verb for the one in italics. 1. The implementation of computer-integrated-manufacturing (CIM) has brought about some serious problems. 2. The process should be done over until the desired results are achieved. 3. Plans are being made to come up with a database containing detailed environmental information for the region. 4. Subtle changes in the earths crust were picked up by these new devices. 5. Proposals to construct new nuclear reactors have met with great resistance from environmentalists.Nouns and Other Parts of Speech English has a very rich vocabulary derived from many languages. Because of this, there may be more than one way to express an idea. You should strive to choose words that are less informal in nature and also precise. In lectures, you will likely heartless formal speech however, in writing you should use a more formal form if one exists. Which of the underlined words would be more suitable for an academic paper? 1. The government has made good I considerable progress in solving environmental problems. 2. We got I obtained encouraging results. . The results of a lot of I numerous different projects have been pretty good I encouraging. 4. A loss of jobs is one of the things that will happen I consequences if the process is automated. Supply a more academic word or phrase for the one underlined in each sentence. 5. The reaction of the officials was sort of negative. 6. The economic outlook is mighty nice. 7. The future of Federal funding is up in the air. 8. Americas major automakers are planning to get together on the research needed for more fuel efficient cars.Language Focus Formal Grammar and Style The followings are some nonvocabulary-related recommendations for maintaining a formal academic writing style. 1. Avoid contractions. Export figures wont improve until the economy is stronger. Export figures will not improve until the economy is stronger. 2. Use the more appropriate formal negative forms. not . . . any no not. . . much little not . . . many few The analysis didnt yield any new results. The analysis yielded no new results. The government didnt allocate much funding for the program. The government allocated little funding for the program. This problem doesnt have many viable solutions. This problem has few viable solutions. 3. Limit the use of run on expressions, such as and so forth and etc. These semiconductors can be used in robots, CD players, etc. These semiconductors can be used in robots, CD players, and other electronic devices. 4. Avoid addressing the reader as you (except, of course, if you are writing a textbook). You can see the results in Table 1. - The results can be seen in Table 1. . Limit the use of direct questions. What can be done to lower costs? We n ow need to consider what can be done to lower costs, or We now need to consider how costs may be lowered. 6. Place adverbs within the verb. Adverbs often are placed midposition rather than in the initial or final positions. In informal English, adverbs often occur as clauses at the beginning or end of sentences. Then the solution can be discarded. * The solution can then be discarded. The blood is withdrawn slowly. * The blood is slowly withdrawn.